Review



nmol l tumor necrosis factor  (R&D Systems)


Bioz Verified Symbol R&D Systems is a verified supplier
Bioz Manufacturer Symbol R&D Systems manufactures this product  
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
    • 97
      Buy from Supplier

    Structured Review

    R&D Systems nmol l tumor necrosis factor
    Nmol L Tumor Necrosis Factor, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1751 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tnf-%CE%B1/Recombinant+Human+TNF-alpha+Protein/pmc13054578-103-43-49
    Average 97 stars, based on 1751 article reviews
    nmol l tumor necrosis factor - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars

    Images

    Related Articles

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: Curculigoside upregulates BMAL1 to decrease nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
    Article Snippet: NP cells were seeded in 6-well plates, grown to 80% confluency, and treated with 10 μg/ml CUR (MedChemExpress, HY-N0705, USA) or 200 ng/ml TNF-α (R&D, 10190-SN-050, USA) for 24 hours for use in subsequent experiments.

    Article Title: Chronic stress induces depression-like behavior in rats through affecting brain mitochondrial function and inflammation.
    Article Snippet: Concentrations of corticosterone (CORT)(KGE009, R&D, USA) in serum, and IFN-γ(RIF00, R&D, USA), TNF-α(RTA00, R&D, USA), IL-1 (RLB00, R&D, USA), IL-4(R4000, R&D, USA), IL-6(R6000B, R&D, USA), IL-10(R1000, R&D, USA) in hippocampus and PFC were determined using a commercially ELISA kit (R&D, Minneapolis, MN USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Article Title: Serum mitochondrial-encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6 and Annexin A1 as novel biomarkers for mortality prediction in critically ill patients with sepsis
    Article Snippet: An additional venous blood sample was collected simultaneously from the patient, and then the serum was isolated and frozen at -80°C until ANXA1 (Novus, 042422303), MT-ND6 (My BioSource, E03141637), HBP (Novus, 073192303), IL-6 (R&D P376851), IL-1β (R&D, P370960), IFN-α (R&D, 368847), TNF-α (R&D, P367646), IL-4 (R&D, P396413) and IL-10 (R&D, P406798) were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 10 6 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 10 6 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells.
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 106 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 106 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Calcium nanoparticles target and activate T cells to enhance anti-tumor function.
    Article Snippet: The ELISA kits used were IL-2 (R&D, DY402), TNF-α (R&D, DY410), IFN-γ (R&D, DY485), and IL-10 (R&D, DY417).

    Article Title: Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Is Required for Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.
    Article Snippet: After 48 h of coculture, the conditioned medium was collected for measurement of TNF-α (DTA00D, R&D) and sTNFR1 (DRT100, R&D) using ELISA kits.

    Article Title: A natural polyphenolic nanoparticle--knotted hydrogel scavenger for osteoarthritis therapy
    Article Snippet: ELISA assays for TNF-α (R&D, USA), cleaved IL-1 ß (Biolegend, USA), IL-6 (Biolegend, USA), COX-2 (Abcam, USA) were performed following the manufactures’ instructions.

    Lysis:

    Article Title: Curculigoside upregulates BMAL1 to decrease nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
    Article Snippet: NP cells were seeded in 6-well plates, grown to 80% confluency, and treated with 10 μg/ml CUR (MedChemExpress, HY-N0705, USA) or 200 ng/ml TNF-α (R&D, 10190-SN-050, USA) for 24 hours for use in subsequent experiments.

    Article Title: Chronic stress induces depression-like behavior in rats through affecting brain mitochondrial function and inflammation.
    Article Snippet: Concentrations of corticosterone (CORT)(KGE009, R&D, USA) in serum, and IFN-γ(RIF00, R&D, USA), TNF-α(RTA00, R&D, USA), IL-1 (RLB00, R&D, USA), IL-4(R4000, R&D, USA), IL-6(R6000B, R&D, USA), IL-10(R1000, R&D, USA) in hippocampus and PFC were determined using a commercially ELISA kit (R&D, Minneapolis, MN USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Article Title: Serum mitochondrial-encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6 and Annexin A1 as novel biomarkers for mortality prediction in critically ill patients with sepsis
    Article Snippet: An additional venous blood sample was collected simultaneously from the patient, and then the serum was isolated and frozen at -80°C until ANXA1 (Novus, 042422303), MT-ND6 (My BioSource, E03141637), HBP (Novus, 073192303), IL-6 (R&D P376851), IL-1β (R&D, P370960), IFN-α (R&D, 368847), TNF-α (R&D, P367646), IL-4 (R&D, P396413) and IL-10 (R&D, P406798) were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 10 6 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 10 6 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells.
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 106 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 106 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Calcium nanoparticles target and activate T cells to enhance anti-tumor function.
    Article Snippet: The ELISA kits used were IL-2 (R&D, DY402), TNF-α (R&D, DY410), IFN-γ (R&D, DY485), and IL-10 (R&D, DY417).

    Article Title: Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Is Required for Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.
    Article Snippet: After 48 h of coculture, the conditioned medium was collected for measurement of TNF-α (DTA00D, R&D) and sTNFR1 (DRT100, R&D) using ELISA kits.

    Article Title: A natural polyphenolic nanoparticle--knotted hydrogel scavenger for osteoarthritis therapy
    Article Snippet: ELISA assays for TNF-α (R&D, USA), cleaved IL-1 ß (Biolegend, USA), IL-6 (Biolegend, USA), COX-2 (Abcam, USA) were performed following the manufactures’ instructions.

    Clinical Proteomics:

    Article Title: Curculigoside upregulates BMAL1 to decrease nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
    Article Snippet: NP cells were seeded in 6-well plates, grown to 80% confluency, and treated with 10 μg/ml CUR (MedChemExpress, HY-N0705, USA) or 200 ng/ml TNF-α (R&D, 10190-SN-050, USA) for 24 hours for use in subsequent experiments.

    Article Title: Chronic stress induces depression-like behavior in rats through affecting brain mitochondrial function and inflammation.
    Article Snippet: Concentrations of corticosterone (CORT)(KGE009, R&D, USA) in serum, and IFN-γ(RIF00, R&D, USA), TNF-α(RTA00, R&D, USA), IL-1 (RLB00, R&D, USA), IL-4(R4000, R&D, USA), IL-6(R6000B, R&D, USA), IL-10(R1000, R&D, USA) in hippocampus and PFC were determined using a commercially ELISA kit (R&D, Minneapolis, MN USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Article Title: Serum mitochondrial-encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6 and Annexin A1 as novel biomarkers for mortality prediction in critically ill patients with sepsis
    Article Snippet: An additional venous blood sample was collected simultaneously from the patient, and then the serum was isolated and frozen at -80°C until ANXA1 (Novus, 042422303), MT-ND6 (My BioSource, E03141637), HBP (Novus, 073192303), IL-6 (R&D P376851), IL-1β (R&D, P370960), IFN-α (R&D, 368847), TNF-α (R&D, P367646), IL-4 (R&D, P396413) and IL-10 (R&D, P406798) were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 10 6 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 10 6 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells.
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 106 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 106 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Calcium nanoparticles target and activate T cells to enhance anti-tumor function.
    Article Snippet: The ELISA kits used were IL-2 (R&D, DY402), TNF-α (R&D, DY410), IFN-γ (R&D, DY485), and IL-10 (R&D, DY417).

    Article Title: Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Is Required for Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.
    Article Snippet: After 48 h of coculture, the conditioned medium was collected for measurement of TNF-α (DTA00D, R&D) and sTNFR1 (DRT100, R&D) using ELISA kits.

    Article Title: A natural polyphenolic nanoparticle--knotted hydrogel scavenger for osteoarthritis therapy
    Article Snippet: ELISA assays for TNF-α (R&D, USA), cleaved IL-1 ß (Biolegend, USA), IL-6 (Biolegend, USA), COX-2 (Abcam, USA) were performed following the manufactures’ instructions.

    Cell Culture:

    Article Title: Curculigoside upregulates BMAL1 to decrease nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
    Article Snippet: NP cells were seeded in 6-well plates, grown to 80% confluency, and treated with 10 μg/ml CUR (MedChemExpress, HY-N0705, USA) or 200 ng/ml TNF-α (R&D, 10190-SN-050, USA) for 24 hours for use in subsequent experiments.

    Article Title: Chronic stress induces depression-like behavior in rats through affecting brain mitochondrial function and inflammation.
    Article Snippet: Concentrations of corticosterone (CORT)(KGE009, R&D, USA) in serum, and IFN-γ(RIF00, R&D, USA), TNF-α(RTA00, R&D, USA), IL-1 (RLB00, R&D, USA), IL-4(R4000, R&D, USA), IL-6(R6000B, R&D, USA), IL-10(R1000, R&D, USA) in hippocampus and PFC were determined using a commercially ELISA kit (R&D, Minneapolis, MN USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Article Title: Serum mitochondrial-encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6 and Annexin A1 as novel biomarkers for mortality prediction in critically ill patients with sepsis
    Article Snippet: An additional venous blood sample was collected simultaneously from the patient, and then the serum was isolated and frozen at -80°C until ANXA1 (Novus, 042422303), MT-ND6 (My BioSource, E03141637), HBP (Novus, 073192303), IL-6 (R&D P376851), IL-1β (R&D, P370960), IFN-α (R&D, 368847), TNF-α (R&D, P367646), IL-4 (R&D, P396413) and IL-10 (R&D, P406798) were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 10 6 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 10 6 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells.
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 106 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 106 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Calcium nanoparticles target and activate T cells to enhance anti-tumor function.
    Article Snippet: The ELISA kits used were IL-2 (R&D, DY402), TNF-α (R&D, DY410), IFN-γ (R&D, DY485), and IL-10 (R&D, DY417).

    Article Title: Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Is Required for Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.
    Article Snippet: After 48 h of coculture, the conditioned medium was collected for measurement of TNF-α (DTA00D, R&D) and sTNFR1 (DRT100, R&D) using ELISA kits.

    Article Title: A natural polyphenolic nanoparticle--knotted hydrogel scavenger for osteoarthritis therapy
    Article Snippet: ELISA assays for TNF-α (R&D, USA), cleaved IL-1 ß (Biolegend, USA), IL-6 (Biolegend, USA), COX-2 (Abcam, USA) were performed following the manufactures’ instructions.

    Isolation:

    Article Title: Curculigoside upregulates BMAL1 to decrease nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
    Article Snippet: NP cells were seeded in 6-well plates, grown to 80% confluency, and treated with 10 μg/ml CUR (MedChemExpress, HY-N0705, USA) or 200 ng/ml TNF-α (R&D, 10190-SN-050, USA) for 24 hours for use in subsequent experiments.

    Article Title: Chronic stress induces depression-like behavior in rats through affecting brain mitochondrial function and inflammation.
    Article Snippet: Concentrations of corticosterone (CORT)(KGE009, R&D, USA) in serum, and IFN-γ(RIF00, R&D, USA), TNF-α(RTA00, R&D, USA), IL-1 (RLB00, R&D, USA), IL-4(R4000, R&D, USA), IL-6(R6000B, R&D, USA), IL-10(R1000, R&D, USA) in hippocampus and PFC were determined using a commercially ELISA kit (R&D, Minneapolis, MN USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Article Title: Serum mitochondrial-encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6 and Annexin A1 as novel biomarkers for mortality prediction in critically ill patients with sepsis
    Article Snippet: An additional venous blood sample was collected simultaneously from the patient, and then the serum was isolated and frozen at -80°C until ANXA1 (Novus, 042422303), MT-ND6 (My BioSource, E03141637), HBP (Novus, 073192303), IL-6 (R&D P376851), IL-1β (R&D, P370960), IFN-α (R&D, 368847), TNF-α (R&D, P367646), IL-4 (R&D, P396413) and IL-10 (R&D, P406798) were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 10 6 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 10 6 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Interferon-α promotes HLA-B-restricted presentation of conventional and alternative antigens in human pancreatic β-cells.
    Article Snippet: Cells were seeded at 8-8.5 × 106 cells in 75 cm2 or 16.5 × 106 cells in 150 cm2 culture flasks (TPP) coated with 0.25% fibronectin from human plasma (Sigma) and 1% extracellular matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma (Sigma) and cultured for 18–24 h. ECN90 cells were treated in DMEM/F12 medium (ThermoFisher), supplemented as above or without BSA with the following agents: IFN-α (PBL Assay Science, #11100-1; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-γ (R&D, #285-IF-100; 500 μ/ml), IFN-β (R&D, #8499-IF; 2000 μ/mL), IFN-λ1 (PeproTech, #300-02 L; 286 μ/mL), TNF-α (R&D, #210-TA; 1000 μ/mL), IL-1β (R&D, #201-LB; 1000 μ/mL), carfilzomib (Selleckchem, #S2853; 50 nM) or ONX-0914 (Selleckchem, #S7172; 100 nM).

    Article Title: Calcium nanoparticles target and activate T cells to enhance anti-tumor function.
    Article Snippet: The ELISA kits used were IL-2 (R&D, DY402), TNF-α (R&D, DY410), IFN-γ (R&D, DY485), and IL-10 (R&D, DY417).

    Article Title: Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Is Required for Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.
    Article Snippet: After 48 h of coculture, the conditioned medium was collected for measurement of TNF-α (DTA00D, R&D) and sTNFR1 (DRT100, R&D) using ELISA kits.

    Article Title: A natural polyphenolic nanoparticle--knotted hydrogel scavenger for osteoarthritis therapy
    Article Snippet: ELISA assays for TNF-α (R&D, USA), cleaved IL-1 ß (Biolegend, USA), IL-6 (Biolegend, USA), COX-2 (Abcam, USA) were performed following the manufactures’ instructions.



    Similar Products

    nmol l tumor necrosis factor  (R&D Systems)
    97
    R&D Systems nmol l tumor necrosis factor
    Nmol L Tumor Necrosis Factor, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tnf-%CE%B1/Recombinant+Human+TNF-alpha+Protein/pmc13054578-103-43-49
    Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    nmol l tumor necrosis factor - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    tnf alpha polyclonal antibody  (Bioss)
    95
    Bioss tnf alpha polyclonal antibody
    Tnf Alpha Polyclonal Antibody, supplied by Bioss, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tnf-%CE%B1/TNF+alpha+Polyclonal+Antibody/custom%40bs-10802r%4042067131
    Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    tnf alpha polyclonal antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    95/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    tumor necrosis factor alpha  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)
    96
    Cell Signaling Technology Inc tumor necrosis factor alpha
    Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tnf-%CE%B1/TNF-alpha+Antibody/pmc12811436-71-30-36
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    tumor necrosis factor alpha - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    antibodies against tnf α  (Servicebio Inc)
    86
    Servicebio Inc antibodies against tnf α
    In vivo immunomodulatory effects of different modified surfaces in a DM model. (A) Schematic representation of the animal modeling and experimental treatment workflow. (B, C) hematoxylin and eosin staining of the peri-implant tissues in the femurs of DM rats 1 week after implantation, accompanied by quantitative analysis of the fibrous capsule thickness (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). (D–G) Immunofluorescence staining evaluating the polarization state of macrophages surrounding the implants (green: macrophage marker cluster of differentiation (CD) 68; red: M1 marker CD86 and M2 marker CD206; blue: nuclei), along with corresponding quantitative analysis of the fluorescence signals (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). (H–K) Immunohistochemical staining assessing the expression of the pro-inflammatory marker <t>tumor</t> <t>necrosis</t> <t>factor-α</t> and the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-10 in the peri-implant area, with quantitative results of the positive staining areas (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, with statistical analysis performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 indicate statistical significance.
    Antibodies Against Tnf α, supplied by Servicebio Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tnf-%CE%B1/anti+occludin/pmc13273899-526-14-18
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    antibodies against tnf α - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    m5 il 17a il 22 il 1α oncostatin m and tnf α  (ABclonal Biotechnology)
    97
    ABclonal Biotechnology m5 il 17a il 22 il 1α oncostatin m and tnf α
    Topical calcitriol application ameliorates IMQ‐induced psoriasis in mice. (A) Schematic illustration of the unilateral ear model experimental design. (B) Serum calcium levels. (C) Body weight changes. (D) Clinical severity scores (erythema, scaling and thickness) of the right ear, assessed on indicated days using a 0–4 scale. Cumulative scores are presented as mean ± SD. (E) Representative photographs of the right ear at endpoint. (F) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of right ear sections. Scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA expression levels of <t>IL‐1α,</t> <t>IL‐6,</t> <t>IL‐17A</t> and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.
    M5 Il 17a Il 22 Il 1α Oncostatin M And Tnf α, supplied by ABclonal Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tnf-%CE%B1/TNF-%CE%B1+Rabbit+pAb/pmc13580661-61-12-20
    Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    m5 il 17a il 22 il 1α oncostatin m and tnf α - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    tnf α  (ABclonal Biotechnology)
    97
    ABclonal Biotechnology tnf α
    Topical calcitriol application ameliorates IMQ‐induced psoriasis in mice. (A) Schematic illustration of the unilateral ear model experimental design. (B) Serum calcium levels. (C) Body weight changes. (D) Clinical severity scores (erythema, scaling and thickness) of the right ear, assessed on indicated days using a 0–4 scale. Cumulative scores are presented as mean ± SD. (E) Representative photographs of the right ear at endpoint. (F) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of right ear sections. Scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA expression levels of <t>IL‐1α,</t> <t>IL‐6,</t> <t>IL‐17A</t> and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.
    Tnf α, supplied by ABclonal Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tnf-%CE%B1/TNF-%CE%B1+Rabbit+pAb/pm42748167-246-10-23
    Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    tnf α - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    mouse tnf alpha fast pro elisa kit  (ABclonal Biotechnology)
    97
    ABclonal Biotechnology mouse tnf alpha fast pro elisa kit
    Quantitative detection of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators after treatment with CGAA, CGA, CGL and positive control epalrestat in RAW264.7 macrophages. ( a , b ) Determination of NO production: ( a ) Full concentration–response profiles at 10–100 μM. ( b ) Single-dose comparison at 100 μM. ( c , d ) Quantification of IL-6 secretion: ( c ) Full concentration–response profiles at 10–100 μM. ( d ) Single-dose comparison at 100 μM. ( e , f ) Quantification of TNF-α secretion: ( e ) Full concentration–response profiles at 10–100 μM. ( f ) Single-dose comparison at 100 μM. Cells were pretreated with the indicated compounds (10–100 μM) for 2 h, followed by LPS (1 μg/mL) stimulation for 24 h. NO levels were determined via the Griess assay, while IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were quantified by <t>ELISA.</t> All data are expressed as mean ± SD ( n = 3). #### p < 0.0001 vs. the control group; **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. the LPS group.
    Mouse Tnf Alpha Fast Pro Elisa Kit, supplied by ABclonal Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tnf-%CE%B1/TNF-%CE%B1+Rabbit+pAb/pmc13609249-164-15-33
    Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    mouse tnf alpha fast pro elisa kit - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    tumor necrosis factor α tnf α  (ABclonal Biotechnology)
    97
    ABclonal Biotechnology tumor necrosis factor α tnf α
    SGF inhibits hepatic glycolysis and AIM2 inflammasome activation in HFD-fed mice. (A, B) Protein expression of HK2, PKM2 and LDHA in the liver. (C, D) Lactate and pyruvate expression in the liver. (E, F) Protein expression of AIM2, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in the liver. (G, H) ELISA measurement of serum IL-1β <t>and</t> <t>TNF-α</t> levels. (I) mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α. (J) AIM2 inflammasome fluorescence colocalization images. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3-6). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001 vs. model.
    Tumor Necrosis Factor α Tnf α, supplied by ABclonal Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tnf-%CE%B1/TNF-%CE%B1+Rabbit+pAb/pmc13597434-71-3-15
    Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    tumor necrosis factor α tnf α - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    In vivo immunomodulatory effects of different modified surfaces in a DM model. (A) Schematic representation of the animal modeling and experimental treatment workflow. (B, C) hematoxylin and eosin staining of the peri-implant tissues in the femurs of DM rats 1 week after implantation, accompanied by quantitative analysis of the fibrous capsule thickness (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). (D–G) Immunofluorescence staining evaluating the polarization state of macrophages surrounding the implants (green: macrophage marker cluster of differentiation (CD) 68; red: M1 marker CD86 and M2 marker CD206; blue: nuclei), along with corresponding quantitative analysis of the fluorescence signals (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). (H–K) Immunohistochemical staining assessing the expression of the pro-inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor-α and the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-10 in the peri-implant area, with quantitative results of the positive staining areas (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, with statistical analysis performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 indicate statistical significance.

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    Article Title: Integrated apoptotic extracellular vesicle-recruitment peptide coating reprograms the diabetic bone microenvironment and orchestrates enhanced implant osseointegration

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.05.059

    Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo immunomodulatory effects of different modified surfaces in a DM model. (A) Schematic representation of the animal modeling and experimental treatment workflow. (B, C) hematoxylin and eosin staining of the peri-implant tissues in the femurs of DM rats 1 week after implantation, accompanied by quantitative analysis of the fibrous capsule thickness (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). (D–G) Immunofluorescence staining evaluating the polarization state of macrophages surrounding the implants (green: macrophage marker cluster of differentiation (CD) 68; red: M1 marker CD86 and M2 marker CD206; blue: nuclei), along with corresponding quantitative analysis of the fluorescence signals (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). (H–K) Immunohistochemical staining assessing the expression of the pro-inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor-α and the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-10 in the peri-implant area, with quantitative results of the positive staining areas (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, with statistical analysis performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 indicate statistical significance.

    Article Snippet: For IHC analysis, sections underwent heat-induced antigen retrieval and blocking prior to incubation with antibodies against TNF-α (GB11188, Servicebio, China), IL-10 (GB11534, Servicebio, China), and VEGF (GB15165, Servicebio, China) to identify differences in local inflammatory and angiogenic profiles.

    Techniques: In Vivo, Modification, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Marker, Fluorescence, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Standard Deviation

    Topical calcitriol application ameliorates IMQ‐induced psoriasis in mice. (A) Schematic illustration of the unilateral ear model experimental design. (B) Serum calcium levels. (C) Body weight changes. (D) Clinical severity scores (erythema, scaling and thickness) of the right ear, assessed on indicated days using a 0–4 scale. Cumulative scores are presented as mean ± SD. (E) Representative photographs of the right ear at endpoint. (F) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of right ear sections. Scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

    Article Title: Downregulating CHI3L2 via the STAT3 Pathway: The Mechanism of Calcitriol in Suppressing Psoriatic Inflammation and Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.71367

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Topical calcitriol application ameliorates IMQ‐induced psoriasis in mice. (A) Schematic illustration of the unilateral ear model experimental design. (B) Serum calcium levels. (C) Body weight changes. (D) Clinical severity scores (erythema, scaling and thickness) of the right ear, assessed on indicated days using a 0–4 scale. Cumulative scores are presented as mean ± SD. (E) Representative photographs of the right ear at endpoint. (F) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of right ear sections. Scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: To mimic psoriatic keratinocyte dysfunction, HaCaT cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL M5 (IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐1α, oncostatin M and TNF‐α) (ABclonal Technology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China) for 24 h as reported previously [ , , , ].

    Techniques: Staining, Expressing

    Topical calcitriol treatment ameliorates distant psoriatic skin lesions in the bilateral ear model. (A) Schematic illustration of the bilateral ear model experimental design. (B) Serum calcium levels. (C) Body weight changes. (D) Clinical severity scores (erythema, scaling and thickness) of the right ear, assessed on indicated days using a 0–4 scale. Cumulative scores are presented as mean ± SD. (E) Representative photographs of the left ear at endpoint. (F) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of left ear sections. Scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

    Article Title: Downregulating CHI3L2 via the STAT3 Pathway: The Mechanism of Calcitriol in Suppressing Psoriatic Inflammation and Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.71367

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Topical calcitriol treatment ameliorates distant psoriatic skin lesions in the bilateral ear model. (A) Schematic illustration of the bilateral ear model experimental design. (B) Serum calcium levels. (C) Body weight changes. (D) Clinical severity scores (erythema, scaling and thickness) of the right ear, assessed on indicated days using a 0–4 scale. Cumulative scores are presented as mean ± SD. (E) Representative photographs of the left ear at endpoint. (F) Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of left ear sections. Scale bar = 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: To mimic psoriatic keratinocyte dysfunction, HaCaT cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL M5 (IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐1α, oncostatin M and TNF‐α) (ABclonal Technology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China) for 24 h as reported previously [ , , , ].

    Techniques: Staining, Expressing

    Calcitriol ameliorates M5‐induced abnormal proliferation, migration and inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells. (A) Protein expression levels of KRT1 and KRT6 were determined by Western blot analysis, with β‐Actin serving as the internal loading control. (B) Cell viability was assessed in different treatment groups. (C) Colony formation assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative capacity of cells in each group. (D) Representative images of wound healing assay at 0 and 24 h post‐treatment. Scale bar = 400 μm. (E) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

    Article Title: Downregulating CHI3L2 via the STAT3 Pathway: The Mechanism of Calcitriol in Suppressing Psoriatic Inflammation and Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.71367

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Calcitriol ameliorates M5‐induced abnormal proliferation, migration and inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells. (A) Protein expression levels of KRT1 and KRT6 were determined by Western blot analysis, with β‐Actin serving as the internal loading control. (B) Cell viability was assessed in different treatment groups. (C) Colony formation assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative capacity of cells in each group. (D) Representative images of wound healing assay at 0 and 24 h post‐treatment. Scale bar = 400 μm. (E) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: To mimic psoriatic keratinocyte dysfunction, HaCaT cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL M5 (IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐1α, oncostatin M and TNF‐α) (ABclonal Technology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China) for 24 h as reported previously [ , , , ].

    Techniques: Migration, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Colony Assay, Wound Healing Assay

    Calcitriol ameliorates M5‐induced psoriasis‐like phenotypes through CHI3L2 downregulation. (A) The mRNA expression of RPL36A, PPBP, UBE2F, MGC32805, IL4I1, LINC00519, CHI3L2, ABHD14A and PCDHGB7 , validated by RT‐qPCR assay. (B) Efficacy of shRNA‐mediated CHI3L2 knockdown confirmed by RT‐qPCR. (C) Protein expression levels of KRT1 and KRT6 were determined by Western blot analysis, with β‐Actin serving as the internal loading control. (D) Cell viability was assessed in different treatment groups. (E) Representative images of wound healing assay at 0 and 24 h post‐treatment. Scale bar = 400 μm. (F) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

    Article Title: Downregulating CHI3L2 via the STAT3 Pathway: The Mechanism of Calcitriol in Suppressing Psoriatic Inflammation and Keratinocyte Hyperproliferation

    doi: 10.1111/jcmm.71367

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Calcitriol ameliorates M5‐induced psoriasis‐like phenotypes through CHI3L2 downregulation. (A) The mRNA expression of RPL36A, PPBP, UBE2F, MGC32805, IL4I1, LINC00519, CHI3L2, ABHD14A and PCDHGB7 , validated by RT‐qPCR assay. (B) Efficacy of shRNA‐mediated CHI3L2 knockdown confirmed by RT‐qPCR. (C) Protein expression levels of KRT1 and KRT6 were determined by Western blot analysis, with β‐Actin serving as the internal loading control. (D) Cell viability was assessed in different treatment groups. (E) Representative images of wound healing assay at 0 and 24 h post‐treatment. Scale bar = 400 μm. (F) Relative mRNA expression levels of IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IL‐23A . Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: To mimic psoriatic keratinocyte dysfunction, HaCaT cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL M5 (IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐1α, oncostatin M and TNF‐α) (ABclonal Technology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China) for 24 h as reported previously [ , , , ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, shRNA, Knockdown, Western Blot, Control, Wound Healing Assay

    Quantitative detection of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators after treatment with CGAA, CGA, CGL and positive control epalrestat in RAW264.7 macrophages. ( a , b ) Determination of NO production: ( a ) Full concentration–response profiles at 10–100 μM. ( b ) Single-dose comparison at 100 μM. ( c , d ) Quantification of IL-6 secretion: ( c ) Full concentration–response profiles at 10–100 μM. ( d ) Single-dose comparison at 100 μM. ( e , f ) Quantification of TNF-α secretion: ( e ) Full concentration–response profiles at 10–100 μM. ( f ) Single-dose comparison at 100 μM. Cells were pretreated with the indicated compounds (10–100 μM) for 2 h, followed by LPS (1 μg/mL) stimulation for 24 h. NO levels were determined via the Griess assay, while IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were quantified by ELISA. All data are expressed as mean ± SD ( n = 3). #### p < 0.0001 vs. the control group; **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. the LPS group.

    Journal: Molecules

    Article Title: Carboxyl Amidation of Chlorogenic Acid Improves Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Biosafety via Potent AKR1B1 Inhibition in LPS-Induced Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/molecules31183247

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative detection of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators after treatment with CGAA, CGA, CGL and positive control epalrestat in RAW264.7 macrophages. ( a , b ) Determination of NO production: ( a ) Full concentration–response profiles at 10–100 μM. ( b ) Single-dose comparison at 100 μM. ( c , d ) Quantification of IL-6 secretion: ( c ) Full concentration–response profiles at 10–100 μM. ( d ) Single-dose comparison at 100 μM. ( e , f ) Quantification of TNF-α secretion: ( e ) Full concentration–response profiles at 10–100 μM. ( f ) Single-dose comparison at 100 μM. Cells were pretreated with the indicated compounds (10–100 μM) for 2 h, followed by LPS (1 μg/mL) stimulation for 24 h. NO levels were determined via the Griess assay, while IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were quantified by ELISA. All data are expressed as mean ± SD ( n = 3). #### p < 0.0001 vs. the control group; **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. the LPS group.

    Article Snippet: The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in culture supernatants were quantified using commercial ELISA kits (Mouse TNF-alpha Fast Pro ELISA Kit, Cat. No. RK05228; Mouse IL-6 Fast Pro ELISA Kit, Cat. No. RK05213; ABclonal, Wuhan, China).

    Techniques: Positive Control, Concentration Assay, Comparison, Griess Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

    Temperature-gradient CETSA analysis of AKR1B1. Cell lysates pretreated with CGA, CGL, or CGAA were heated at 4, 45, 60, 75, or 90 °C. Residual soluble AKR1B1 protein was quantified by ELISA and normalized to the corresponding 4 °C sample. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). **** p < 0.0001 vs. the CGA group.

    Journal: Molecules

    Article Title: Carboxyl Amidation of Chlorogenic Acid Improves Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Biosafety via Potent AKR1B1 Inhibition in LPS-Induced Macrophages

    doi: 10.3390/molecules31183247

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Temperature-gradient CETSA analysis of AKR1B1. Cell lysates pretreated with CGA, CGL, or CGAA were heated at 4, 45, 60, 75, or 90 °C. Residual soluble AKR1B1 protein was quantified by ELISA and normalized to the corresponding 4 °C sample. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). **** p < 0.0001 vs. the CGA group.

    Article Snippet: The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in culture supernatants were quantified using commercial ELISA kits (Mouse TNF-alpha Fast Pro ELISA Kit, Cat. No. RK05228; Mouse IL-6 Fast Pro ELISA Kit, Cat. No. RK05213; ABclonal, Wuhan, China).

    Techniques: Analysis, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

    SGF inhibits hepatic glycolysis and AIM2 inflammasome activation in HFD-fed mice. (A, B) Protein expression of HK2, PKM2 and LDHA in the liver. (C, D) Lactate and pyruvate expression in the liver. (E, F) Protein expression of AIM2, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in the liver. (G, H) ELISA measurement of serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels. (I) mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α. (J) AIM2 inflammasome fluorescence colocalization images. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3-6). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001 vs. model.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Smilax glabra flavonoids ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating PKM2-dependent glycolysis and suppressing AIM2 inflammasome activation

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1906439

    Figure Lengend Snippet: SGF inhibits hepatic glycolysis and AIM2 inflammasome activation in HFD-fed mice. (A, B) Protein expression of HK2, PKM2 and LDHA in the liver. (C, D) Lactate and pyruvate expression in the liver. (E, F) Protein expression of AIM2, ASC, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in the liver. (G, H) ELISA measurement of serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels. (I) mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α. (J) AIM2 inflammasome fluorescence colocalization images. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3-6). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001 vs. model.

    Article Snippet: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined using ELISA kits (ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd, China).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence, Control